형상기억 물질은 임의의 형상을 유지하다 외부의 자극에 의하여 원래의 형상으로 회복되는 물질이다. 이와 같은 형상기억 물질은 형상기억합금과 형상기억고분자로 대별되며, 형상기억효과를 응용하려는 용도 및 특성에 따라 선택되어 사용되고 있다. 본고에서는 형상기억합금과 형상기억고분자의 특성 및 원리에 대해 정리하였으며, 형상기억합금에 비해 가볍고 저렴하며 외부 자극의 종류도 다양하게 선택할 수 있는 형상기억고분자의 용도를 정리하였다. 향후 형상기억고분자는 wearable 디스플레이, 태양광 패널 및 비침습성 의학소자 등 그 용도가 다양할 것으로 전망된다.
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