최근 다양한 형태의 스마트 기기 출현과 대중적 보급으로 인해 고속 데이터 전송에 대한 수요가 나날이 증가하고 있다. 이런 요구사항을 수용하기 위해 셀룰러 사업자 및 이동통신 장비 제조업체는 많은 새로운 기술에 대한 연구를 진행하였으며 이에 대한 결과로 향후 셀룰러 네트워크에서 성능 및 커버리지 향상을 위해 소형셀 기술을 하나의 중요한 요소 기술로 고려하고 있다. 셀룰러 네트워크에서 소형셀 기술은 데이터 요구량이 많은 위치에 소형셀을 밀집 배치하고 매크로 기지국 및 소형셀 기지국의 밀접한 협력을 통해 무선 네트워크의 용량을 증가시키는 것을 의미한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 매크로 셀과 소형 셀이 다층으로 배치된 셀룰러 이동통신 구조를 제시하고 다층셀간의 협력을 통해 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 다양한 요소기술들에 대해서 기술한다. 또, 이들 요소기술들을 바탕으로 최근 3GPP에서 활발히 논의되고 있는 LTE 소형셀 향상 표준화 동향에 대해 기술한다.
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