1.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$와 1.55 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 발광 파장을 갖는 광통신용 반도체 레이저 다이오드는 지금까지 많은 발전을 해 왔으며 다양하게 응용이 되어 오고 있다. 기존의 장파장 소자들은 InP 기판 위에 성장을 하고 있으며, GaAs 관련된 물질의 적용은 장파장 대역의 이득층 성장의 어려움 때문에 GaAs가 가지고 있는 안정된 장점에도 불구하고 적용되지 못했다. 그러나 1996년 M. Kondow는 GaAs 기판에 격자정합되는 InGaAsN 물질을 제안하였고(1) 그 이후로 레이저 다이오드에 제작에 까지 이르렀으며(2-3) 특히, 표면발광반도체레이저의 상온 연속발진에도 성공하였다. (중략)
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