3차원 복원 기술은 실세계에 존재하는 물체의 3차원 형상과 표면의 색상을 디지털화하는 기술이다. 일반적으로 가상현실, 게임, 애니메이션 등의 컴퓨터 그래픽스에 기반한 응용에서는 숙련된 디자이너가 수작업으로 3차원 모델을 제작하는데, 이는 시간이 많이 소요되고, 디자이너의 숙련도에 따라서 품질의 차이가 많은 단점이 있다. 뿐만 아니라 실세계에 존재하는 물체를 모델링할 때는 일일이 측정을 하는 과정을 거쳐야 하는 단점이 있다. 3차원 복원 기술은 이에 대한 대안으로 연구되고 있는 기술로써, 이미 많은 응용 분야에서 활용되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 새로운 서비스가 꾸준히 창출되고 있는 기술이다. 본 고에서는 3차원 복원 기술을 분류하고, 컴퓨터 비전 분야의 주연구 대상인 영상분석을 통한 3차원 복원 기술에 대해 설명한다. 또한, 3차원 복원 기술의 응용 사례와 상용화된 제품에 대해 설명하고, 향후 발전 방향을 제시한다.
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