최근 전파 통신기술의 급격한 발전에 따라 해상통신도 기술 현대화를 진행 중이다. 해상통신의 특징은 전세계 해상과 통신하기 위해서 HF 대역 및 위성을 통한 장거리 통신 위주의 기술을 사용해 왔으며 주로 음성 통신에 의존해 왔다. 그러나 1990년대 말에 다양한 용도의 통신장비들을 통합한 통신 시스템을 기초로 GMDSS가 시행되었으며 최근에는 AIS 통신망 등을 활용해서 데이터 및 멀티미디어를 수용할 수 있는 해상의 ITS시스템 구축을 위한 E-Navigation 전략을 IMO에서 주도적으로 수립 중에 있다. 또한 항만 및 선상에서는 최근 전파 기술을 반영한 WLAN, WiMAX, RFID 등 기술들이 해상통신 현대화를 위해 고려되고 있으며 위성과 연계한 VHF대역을 이용하는 AIS가 해상 인프라 통신망으로 부상하고 있다. 본 고에서는 해상통신 시스템 현대화를 위한 기술 동향 및 국제적인 협력 관계를 분석해서 기술하였으며 연근해 해상통신망의 현대화 필요성을 기술하였다.
KSP Keywords
E-Navigation
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