최근 들어 나노기술의 발전에 힘입어 청정에너지를 구현할 수 있는 열전소자분야의 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 열전소자는 태양에너지를 이용한 발전뿐만 아니라 체열, 폐열 및 지열 등을 이용한 발전 등 응용처가 매우 다양하며, 청정에너지를 생산할 수 있는 미래 지향적인 특성을 가진 분야라 할 수 있다. 그러나 아직까지 나노기술을 기반으로한 고효율의 열전소자는 기초 연구수준에서 그 가능성만 일부 선행 연구를 통하여 입증된 상태이다. 따라서 저비용, 고효율의 열전소자를 성공적으로 개발하게 된다면, 기술의 원천성 확보 및 초기 시장 점유에 매우 유리한 입지를 점할 수 있으리라 예측된다. 본 논문에서는 최근 들어 나노기술의 접목으로 새로이 주목받고 있는 열전소자의 동작 원리에 대한 간략한 소개와 이 분야의 최근 연구 동향 및 특허 동향에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.
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