반도체 공정 기술의 발전으로 인하여 반도체 회로는 지속적으로 비약적인 성능의 발전을 가져오고 있다. 고성능 프로세서는 이와 같은 반도체 공정의 미세화에 따라 전력소모 및 발열 문제로 인하여 공정 및 속도 향상을 통한 성능 경쟁에서 탈피하여, 수십 개에서 수백 개의 코어를 내장하는 고도 병렬화/이기종화를 통한 성능 향상을 추구하는 시대로 접어들고 있다. 본 문서에서는 최근의 고성능 프로세서 동향을 중심으로 병렬/이기종화 기술 및 관련 기술의 최근 동향과 향후 발전 추세에 대하여 논의하고자 한다.
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