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SVD-Based Adaptive QIM Watermarking on Stereo Audio Signals
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- Authors
- Min-Jae Hwang, JeeSok Lee, MiSuk Lee, Hong-Goo Kang
- Issue Date
- 2018-01
- Citation
- IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, v.20, no.1, pp.45-54
- ISSN
- 1520-9210
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Language
- English
- Type
- Journal Article
- Project Code
- 16ZR1200, The development of Active Audioprint Technology to Enhance the Media Usage, Lee Tae Jin
- Abstract
- This paper proposes a blind digital audio watermarking algorithm that utilizes the quantization indexmodulation (QIM) and the singular value decomposition (SVD) of stereo audio signals. Conventional SVD-based blind audio watermarking algorithms lack physical interpretation since the matrix construction method for the input matrix for SVD is heuristically defined. However, in the proposed approach, because the SVD is directly applied to the stereo input signals, the resulting decomposed elements convey a conceptually meaningful interpretation of the original audio signal. As the proposed approach effectively utilizes the ratio of singular values, the embedded watermark is highly imperceptible and robust against volumetric scaling attacks; most QIM-based watermarking schemes are weak to these types of attacks. Experimental results under well-known practical attacks, such as compressions, resampling, and various types of signal processing, confirm that the proposed algorithm performs well compared to conventional audio watermarking algorithms.
- KSP Keywords
- Audio signal, Blind audio watermarking, Construction Method, Digital audio watermarking, Matrix construction, QIM Watermarking, Signal Processing, Stereo audio, directly applied, physical interpretation, singular value decomposition(SVD)