컴퓨터의 클럭 속도는 1980년도 중반부터 2004년까지 컴퓨터 성능을 향상시키는 데 가장 영향력 있는 요소였다. 실행시간은 명령어 수를 명령어 당 평균시간(1/IPC)을 곱한 것과 같았는데 클럭 수를 늘리면 명령을 실행하는 평균시간은 짧아진다. 그러나 칩의 전력소모량은 P=C×V2×F의 공식에 따른다. 여기서, C는 전기용량, V는 전압이고, F는 주파수이다. 주파수 수를 높이면 전력 사용량이 늘어나게 되고, 이는 전력의 증가는 동작 시 많은 문제를 일으키고 있다. 그래서 무어의 법칙은 18에서 24개월 동안 집적도가 2배 씩 늘어난다는 것을 예측하는 것이지만, 이는 주파수 척도가 아닌 병렬 컴퓨팅에 의해 계속해서 유효하게 된다.
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