비트코인의 암호화 화폐로서의 성공과 탈중앙화라는 가치는 산업계와 학계의 많은 관심을 불러 모았다. 특히 비트코인에서는 탈중앙화하기 위해 필연적으로 해결해야 할 문제인 시빌 어택 문제를 작업 증명을 통해 해결하였는데, 부작용으로 트랜잭션 처리 측면에서의 성능 문제와 에너지 낭비 문제를 유발하였다. 이후 상기 문제를 해결하기 위해 지분 증명 방식, 권위 증명방식 등 수많은 합의 프로토콜이 개발되었다. 또한 기존 분산 시스템에서 적용되었던 CFT 또는 BFT 계열의 합의 알고리즘을 재조명하는 계기를 제공하였고, 이러한 전통적 합의 알고리즘을 블록체인에 있는 그대로 또는 약간 변형된 형태로 적용하는 시도가 일어났다. 본고에서는 기존 분산 시스템에서 쓰여왔던 다양한 합의 알고리즘으로부터 시작하여 최근 블록체인에 사용되는 합의 알고리즘에 이르기까지의 대표적인 합의 알고리즘을 내재적 특성과 등장 시기에 따라 분류하고, 유형별로 특징을 분석하고자 한다.
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