조선산업은 국가 기간산업으로 전방산업의 성격과 후방산업의 성격을 지니고 있다. 전방산업의 역할로는 해운과 수산, 해양방위, 해양자원 개발 등에 필요한 각종 선박과 수중장비 및 해양구조물 등의 개발과 생산을 포괄하며, 이는 대부분 주문에 의해 생산하는 수출전략형 산업이다. 후방산업으로는 철강과 기계, 전기, 전자, 화학, 소재 등의 산업이며, 이는 산업전반에 큰 파급효과를 미치고, 노동집약형이면서도 기술집약적인 성격을 동시에 지닌다. 이러한 조선산업은 대규모의 초기 투자가 필요한 산업으로 선박 및 해양 구조물의 용도에 따라 다양한 기능과 형태가 요구되므로 건조공정이 복잡하고 다양하여 자동화 제작에 한계가 있다. 대량생산이 불가능한 주문생산이고, 세계 단일 시장이므로 국제 경쟁력의 확보가 매우 중요하며, 해양이라는 특수 환경에서 사용되고 종류에 따라 건조비용이 고가일 뿐만 아니라 인명과 직결되므로 고도의 안전성과 신뢰성, 정밀성이 필수적으로 요구되는 특징을 지니고 있다.
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