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Cluster-Based Millimeter-Wave Outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation Characteristics Based on 32 GHz Measurement Analysis
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- Authors
- Juyul Lee
- Issue Date
- 2021-01
- Citation
- IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, v.20, no.1, pp.73-77
- ISSN
- 1536-1225
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Language
- English
- Type
- Journal Article
- Abstract
- Although the fifth-generation (5G) networks are deployed at millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies, little information about the multipath clustering statistics for mmWave outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) propagation has been reported. This letter attempts to overcome this deficiency somewhat by investigating cluster-based propagation statistics for mmWave O2I that are based upon measurements. The measurements were conducted at 32 GHz at two office buildings. The multipath components (MPCs) were resolved by the space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization algorithm and the MPC clustering was performed by the K-power-means algorithm. We observed that numerous reflections bouncing back-and-forth between the windows cause large numbers of clusters. Other statistics such as the number of rays per clusters, cluster power and shadowing, cluster delay, and angular spread were also calculated.
- KSP Keywords
- Angular spread, Fifth-Generation(5G), Generalized expectation-maximization algorithm, Large numbers, Measurement and analysis, Office building, Propagation characteristics, cluster-based, expectation maximization(EM), millimeter wave(mmWave), multipath components