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Journal Article
Synchronization Under Hardware Impairments in Over-6-GHz Wireless Industrial IoT Systems
- Authors
- Kapseok Chang, Woncheol Cho, Byung-Jae Kwak, Young-Jo Ko
- Issue Date
- 2023-04
- Citation
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal, v.10, no.7, pp.6082-6099
- ISSN
- 2327-4662
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Language
- English
- Type
- Journal Article
- Abstract
- Mobile devices perform cell search for initial access in cellular-based industrial Internet of Things (IoT) systems. Existing fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) cell-search scheme provides timing synchronization and cell identification. Usage scenarios emerging with the growth of the IoT market require unprecedented precision, reliability, and scalability in the future network, and a shift toward high frequency bands can be one of the key enablers to achieve these stringent requirements. However, in high frequency bands, hardware impairments including carrier frequency offset and phase noise are exacerbated, and a sharp beam causes the problem of cell identity (ID) ambiguity that can reach further than a reduced cell coverage. In this paper, a cell-search scheme is proposed for time-critical industrial IoT over mobile networks operating in high frequency bands. To achieve high timing accuracy under the increased hardware impairments, primary synchronization signals are designed based on the distributed concatenations of a Zadoff-Chu sequence and its modification. Next, a secondary synchronization signal is designed based on the distributed concatenation of a Kasami sequence and its modification, which provides larger set of cell IDs and is robust to the impairments. Compared to 5G NR under the increased hardware impairments, our analysis and evaluation show that the proposed cell-search scheme has advantages such as 25 % lower timing detection complexity, 150 % larger set of cell IDs, up to 15 dB and 6 dB signal-to-noise ratio gain in terms of timing and cell ID detection performance, respectively, and 60 % shorter cell-search time, thereby realizing 80 % lower battery consumption.
- KSP Keywords
- Analysis and evaluation, As 2, Battery Consumption, Carrier Frequency Offset, Cell Coverage, Cell identification, Cell identity, Cell search, Fifth Generation(5G), Hardware impairments, High Frequency(HF)
This work is distributed under the term of Creative Commons License (CCL)
(CC BY NC ND)
(CC BY NC ND)
