AI 반도체는 인공신경망 연산을 메모리 효율적이면서 고속으로 처리하는 하드웨어 처리장치로써, 전용의 최적화된 컴파일러 및 소프트웨어 라이브러리를 통해 AI 시스템으로 완성되는 핵심 기반 기술이다. 최근 인공신경망 학습 규모가 해마다 10배씩 상승함에 따라 학습을 위한 메모리 사용량과 AI 반도체의 개수도 점차 증가하고 있다. 신경망의 막대한 학습 비용을 현실화하기 위해 연산을 빠르고 효율적으로 처리하면서 인식 정확도의 손실을 최소화하는 방법으로 부동소수점 기반 데이터 양자화 포맷 기술이 발전하고 있다. 본 고는 AI 반도체 산업계를 중심으로 발전하는 저정밀도 데이터 포맷 기술의 표준화 및 상용화 현황을 알아보고 저정밀도 데이터 포맷의 상세 구조 및 관련 알고리즘의 최신 연구 흐름을 살펴본다.
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