본 고는 극한 환경에서 통신이 가능한 자기장 기반 무선 통신 시스템의 기본 원리와 연구 동향을 다룬다. 일반적인 무선 통신 시스템에서 사용하는 전기장 기반 안테나는 높은 주파수로 작동하여 소형화에 유리하지만, 전기장의 특성상 물이나 흙 같은 매질을 만나면 신호 감쇠가 발생하여 통신이 어려워진다. 반면, 자기장 기반 루프 안테나를 사용하는 자기장 무선 통신 시스템은 자기장의 특성상 대부분의 매질에서 신호 감쇠가 발생하지 않아 수중이나 지중 같은 극한 환경에서도 무선 통신이 가능하다. 극한 환경에서 안정적이고 효율적인 무선 통신을 구현하기 위해 통신 거리와 대역폭 확장을 위한 멀티 송신 루프 안테나와 신호 감도 향상 및 잡음 제거를 위한 수신 센서 구조 등 다양한 연구가 진행 중이다. 이러한 본 고는극한 환경에서의 무선 통신 시스템 개발을 가속화하여 공공 안전 관리와 재난 대응에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.
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