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Journal Article
Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Enhances Melanin Synthesis by Activating the P53 Signaling Pathway in Mel-Ab Melanocytes
- Authors
- Ju Hwan Kim, Dong-Jun Kang, Jun Young Seok, Mi-Hye Kim, Dong-Seok Kim, Sang-Bong Jeon, Hyung-Do Choi, Jung Ick Moon, Nam Kim, Hak Rim Kim
- Issue Date
- 2024-11
- Citation
- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, v.25, no.22, pp.1-11
- ISSN
- 1661-6596
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Language
- English
- Type
- Journal Article
- Abstract
- The skin is the largest body organ that can be physiologically affected by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs). We investigated the effect of RF-EMFs on melanogenesis; Mel-Ab melanocytes were exposed to 1760 MHz radiation with a specific absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg for 4 h/day over 4 days. Exposure to the RF-EMF led to skin pigmentation, with a significant increase in melanin production in Mel-Ab melanocytes. The phosphorylation level of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), which regulate the expression of tyrosinase, were significantly increased in Mel-Ab after RF-EMF exposure. Interestingly, the expression of tyrosinase was significantly increased, but tyrosinase activity was unchanged in the RF-EMF-exposed Mel-Ab cells. Additionally, the expression of p53 and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), which regulate MITF expression, was significantly increased. These results suggest that the RF-EMF induces melanogenesis by increasing phospho-CREB and MITF activity. Importantly, when Mel-Ab cells were incubated at 38 °C, the melanin production and the levels of tyrosinase significantly decreased, indicating that the increase in melanin synthesis by RF-EMF exposure is not due to a thermal effect. In conclusion, RF-EMF exposure induces melanogenesis in Mel-Ab cells through the increased expression of tyrosinase via the activation of MITF or the phosphorylation of CREB, which are initiated by the activation of p53 and MC1R.
- KSP Keywords
- Binding protein, EMF Exposure, Electromagnetic Field(EMF), Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF), RF-EMFs, Response element, Signaling pathway, specific absorption rates(SAR), thermal effects, tyrosinase activity
This work is distributed under the term of Creative Commons License (CCL)
(CC BY)
(CC BY)
