AI 시스템의 고도화로 CPU, GPU, NPU, FPGA, ASIC 등을 조합한 이종 AI 반도체 시스템이 확산되면서 자원 모니터링의 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. 이종 자원은 성능과 효율성을 높이지만 시스템 복잡성과 병목, 비효율을 유발할 수 있어 정밀하고 효율적인 모니터링이 필수적이다. 자원 모니터링은 하드웨어부터 클라우드까지 계층별로 발전해 왔으며, 각 계층은 서로 다른 지표를 제공한다. 최근에는 AI 워크로드의 특성에 맞춘 연산 단계별 트레이싱, 메모리ㆍ전력 분석, 자동 병목 탐지 등의 기법이 더욱 중요해졌으며 계층 간 데이터를 연계하여 더 정밀한 분석이 필요하다. 본 고는 이종 AI 반도체 시스템에서 자원 모니터링의 중요성과 기술적 특징을 분석하고, 향후 AI 시스템을 위한 모니터링 기술의 발전 방향을 살펴본다. 앞으로 자원 모니터링은 단순한 상태 수집을 넘어 AI 인프라의 안정성과 효율을 높이는 지능형 운영의 핵심 기술로, 자가 최적화와 자가 회복을 지향하며 유연한 자율형 시스템으로 진화할 것으로 기대된다.
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