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Journal Article
Optimized implementation of HQC on Cortex-M4
- Authors
- DongCheon Kim, JunHyeok Choi, SeungYong Yoon, Seog Chung Seo
- Issue Date
- 2025-10
- Citation
- ICT Express, v.11, no.5, pp.939-944
- ISSN
- 2405-9595
- Publisher
- 한국통신학회
- Language
- English
- Type
- Journal Article
- Abstract
- In March 2025, NIST selected HQC as a standardized PQC algorithm. Since HQC relies on binary polynomial operations, optimizations for prime-field schemes like Kyber are not directly applicable. Furthermore, optimizing HQC on Cortex-M4 involves constraints that complicate objective performance evaluation, which has hindered active research in this area. We address these issues and optimize dense-dense polynomial multiplication, HQC’s main computational bottleneck. Using the PQM4 benchmark framework, our implementation achieves speedups of 1139.53–1347.69% in key generation, 1139.53–1253.73% in encapsulation, and 1042.09–1198.78% in decapsulation over PQClean, and 38.78–45.81%, 38.18–45.58%, and 34.76–43.56% improvements over the NTL-based reference, depending on the security level.
- KSP Keywords
- Cortex-M4, Key Generation, Polynomial multiplication, Security level, objective performance evaluation
This work is distributed under the term of Creative Commons License (CCL)
(CC BY NC ND)
(CC BY NC ND)
