본 논문은 머신러닝을 무선 수신기의 물리계층에 적용하여 실시간으로 동작하는 지능형 무선 수신 시스템을 설계하고 구현한 연구이다. 제안된 시스템은 기존 OFDM 기반 무선 수신 구조에서 채널 추정 및 위상 잡음 추정 기능을 Transformer 기반 신경망 모델로 대체한 신경망 수신기를 도입하여 GPU에서 실시간으로 수행한다.
수신기는 FPGA, CPU, GPU 간 고속 인터페이스 구조로 연결되며, 신경망 수신기는 PyTorch 기반의 기계학습 모델을 TensorRT로 최적화하여 GPU에서 슬롯 단위 병렬 처리가 가능한 구조로 구현하였다. 제안된 지능형 물리 계층 수신기는 실내 환경 시험에서 채널 및 위상 보정 후, 기존 하드웨어 수신기 대비 평균 3dB 이상의 SNR 성능 향상을 달성하였다. 또한, 최대 8개의 신경망 수신기 인스턴스를 활용한 병렬 구조로 미드 프레임 내 최대 7개 슬롯을 실시간 처리함으로써 시스템의 실용 가능성을 입증하였다.
Keyword
머신러닝 수신기, 뉴럴 수신기, 트랜스포머 신경망, 실시간 무선 통신, 채널 추정
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