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Characterization of source coherence requirements for laboratory x-ray diffraction imaging
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- Authors
- Sunghoon Choi, Sora Park, Jun-Tae Kang, Jin-Woo Jeong
- Issue Date
- 2026-04
- Citation
- Optics Express, v.34, no.7, pp.11847-11861
- ISSN
- 1094-4087
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA)
- Language
- English
- Type
- Journal Article
- Abstract
- Young’s double-slit (YDS) fringe visibility provides a detector-accessible measure of spatial coherence, but implementing hard-X-ray YDS experiments with compact laboratory sources is fundamentally constrained by the coherence–flux trade-off imposed by spatial filtering. Here we present an end-to-end simulation framework that couples SHADOW3 ray statistics with WOFRY wave-optics propagation to evaluate detector-level interference patterns and feasibility metrics under partial coherence. Partial coherence is defined directly at the pinhole plane by discretizing the pinhole-filtered angular spectrum into a weighted angular-tilt ensemble, which is propagated through Fresnel (pinhole to slit) and Fraunhofer (slit to detector) operators with energy-conserving binning onto an oversampled detector grid. Across parameter sweeps of effective source size w (20–200 µm), source–pinhole distance S (3.0–4.7 m), pinhole diameter D (3–10 µm), pinhole–slit distance R (0.01–1.0 m), and Gaussian relative bandwidth σBW (0.1–5%), we evaluate Michelson visibility V, detector-ROI photon counts Ndet, and a photon-statistics-aware figure of merit FOM = V2Ndet. To capture bandwidth-driven degradation not reflected by global visibility alone, we additionally introduce a longitudinal-coherence wash-out metric LCratio. The resulting inverse-design maps reveal two distinct operating regimes. For larger sources (w∼200 µm), the feasible design space becomes visibility-limited, while smaller sources (w∼50 µm) operate primarily in a throughput-limited regime where performance improves monotonically with photon acceptance. Absolute photon statistics are anchored by calibrating the pinhole-transmitted flux to a published laboratory benchmark (≈5 × 103 ph/s through a 5 µm pinhole at 0.1% σBW), enabling exposure-time interpretation of the design maps in experimentally meaningful units. The framework therefore provides a quantitative guideline for selecting source filtering and propagation geometry in compact laboratory YDS measurements under realistic coherence and photon-statistics constraints.
- KSP Keywords
- Angular spectrum, Design maps, Design space, Double slit, End to End(E2E), Figure of Merit(FoM), Fringe visibility, Operating regimes, Simulation framework, Source size, Spatial coherence