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Journal Article
Real-Time Terrain-Following Guidance for Mitigation of Pilot-Induced Oscillations
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- Authors
- Kwangwoo Jang, Youngjae Kim, Sukjae Im, Man Jun Koh, Hyochoong Bang
- Citation
- Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Early Access
- ISSN
- 0731-5090
- Publisher
- American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Language
- English
- Type
- Journal Article
- Abstract
- Terrain-following (TF) guidance is essential for evading radar detection and enabling safe low-altitude flight. While optimal-control-based TF methods have addressed terrain constraints, they remain limited by computational complexity, input saturation, and pilot-induced oscillations (PIOs). PIOs are particularly hazardous, as they induce sustained oscillations that can cause excessive overshoot over high terrain or collisions. This paper presents a real-time guidance framework that embeds a human pilot model into a model predictive path integral (MPPI) controller with terrain-dependent weighted cost functions. A path-integral-based parameter estimation (PIPE) algorithm is developed to adaptively identify pilot gain and delay online, enabling in-flight suppression of PIOs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MPPI–PIPE framework reduces terrain-following oscillation amplitude by 36.8% compared to MPPI without pilot adaptation, while maintaining real-time feasibility through GPU-parallelized trajectory sampling. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation results further confirm effective PIO mitigation and accurate low-altitude tracking across diverse pilot characteristics.
- Keyword
- Pilot Induced Oscillation, Aerospace Engineering, Optimal Control Problem, Radar Detection, Hardware in the Loop Simulation, Model Reference Adaptive Control, Flight Control Surfaces, Aircraft Flight Control System, Military Technology, Height Above Ground Level
- KSP Keywords
- Aerospace engineering, Aircraft flight control, Computational complexity, Cost Function, Hardware in the loop simulation(HILS), Hardware-in-the-Loop(HIL), In-flight, Induced oscillations, Input Saturation, Low altitude, Model predictive