뇌질환 중에서도 특히 신경퇴행성 질환, 허혈성 또는 출혈성 뇌졸중, 외상성 뇌손상 등에서는 병변의 위치와 범위를 신속하고 정확히 파악하는 것이 임상적 예후를 결정한다. EEG, fNIRS 두 신호의 융합은 단일 모달리티로는 얻기 어려운 신경생리학적 상호작용 정보를 제공하여, 진단, 신경재활 모니터링, 인공지능 기반 뇌기능 연구 등에 활용 가능성을 제시할 수 있다. 본 리뷰에서는 비침습적이며 반복 측정이 가능한 뇌 생체신호 기반 접근법 중, 특히 EEG와 fNIRS 융합 기법의 최근 연구 동향을 종합적으로 고찰하였다. 향후 정교한 신호 융합, 휴대형 센서 기술, 실시간 분석 효율화 등의 기술발전에 따라, EEG–fNIRS 기반 다중 모달분석 기술은 다양한 뇌질환의 조기 진단과 맞춤형 치료, 신경기능 연구에 중요한 역할을 수행할 것으로 기대된다.
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