자기장 통신(Magnetic Induction Communication)은 수중, 지중 및 광산과 같이 기존 RF 통신이 제한되는 환경에서 활용 가능한 기술로,
매질의 영향을 거의 받지 않는 장점을 가지나 근접장 특성으로 인해 신호 세기가 거리의 세제곱에 비례하여 감소하는 한계가 존재하며, 이는
통신 거리 확보에 주요한 제약 요인으로 작용한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 거리 제한 문제를 완화하기 위하여 2×2 MIMO 기반의 자기장 통신
시스템을 제안하며, 제안된 시스템은 송신단에 Alamouti Space-Time Block Code(STBC)를 적용하고, 수신단에 Maximum Ratio
Combining(MRC)을 적용하여 낮은 SNR 환경에서도 안정적인 데이터 복조가 가능하도록 설계되었다. 또한 Sync Word와 Unique Word를
활용한 프레임 구조를 통해 채널 추정 및 동기 성능을 확보하였다. MATLAB/Simulink 기반 시뮬레이션과 FPGA 기반 실험을 통해 성능을
검증한 결과, 제안된 시스템은 단일 안테나 수신 대비 낮은 SNR 환경에서도 안정적인 복조 성능을 보였으며, 한 안테나 신호가 크게 감쇠된
경우에도 CRC 오류 없이 데이터 수신이 가능함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 MIMO 기반 수신 다이버시티가 자기장 통신의 거리 제약을
완화하고, 극한 환경에서의 통신 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있음을 보여준다.
KSP Keywords
Block codes, Magnetic induction(MI), Space time(ST), magnetic induction communication, space-time block coding(STBC)
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