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Experimental Analysis and Statistical Validation of Single-Point Measurements With a Mechanical Stirrer in High-Loss Environments
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- Authors
- Chang Hee Hyoung, Jong Hwa Kwon
- Issue Date
- 2026-07
- Citation
- IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, v.75, pp.1-12
- ISSN
- 0018-9456
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Language
- English
- Type
- Journal Article
- Abstract
- Assessing electromagnetic attenuation in unshielded, high-loss facilities conventionally requires labor-intensive multipoint (MP) measurements to obtain a reliable spatial average. To improve measurement efficiency, this article presents an experimental and statistical validation framework for applying a stirrer-assisted single-point (SP) measurement to low-Q/ high-loss unshielded environments, with an emphasis on the operating conditions under which the SP ensemble can reproduce the MP spatial-average reference. Measurements are conducted in a planar-absorber-lined 3-m-scale testbed from 1 to 6 GHz. We show that placing a directional receiving antenna within the macroscopic shadow region of a mechanical stirrer suppresses deterministic pseudo-line-of-sight (pseudo-LOS) paths and produces a locally stirred ensemble with enhanced stirrer-state variability, which is quantitatively supported by a reduced effective Rician K-factor and increased dispersion metrics. Consequently, the SP measurement - particularly when using an upper tail metric over stirrer states - reproduces the MP spatial average with a small mean-absolute error (MAE). Robustness investigations further confirm limited sensitivity to reflector-geometry variations and show that a single stirrer revolution with a moderate number of samples per revolution (SPR), e.g., 30-60, captures sufficient statistical variability. The validated framework provides practical guidelines for reproducible in situ received-power/attenuation assessment without exhaustive volumetric scans.
- Keyword
- Building entry loss (BEL), electromagnetic attenuation, high-loss enclosure, mechanical stirrer, received-power statistics, single-point (SP) measurement
- KSP Keywords
- 6 GHz, Average reference, Building entry loss, Experimental analysis, Limited sensitivity, Line-of-Sight(LOS), Measurement efficiency, Mechanical stirrer, Operating condition, Practical Guidelines, Receiving antenna