본 논문은 온디바이스 AI 기반 역주행 검지 시스템에서 추론율(Inference Rate) 변화가 성능과 에너지 효율에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 서로 다른 NPU 아키텍처를 탑재한 세 가지 엣지 디바이스인 Raspberry Pi 5 + Hailo-8L, Khadas New VIM4, Khadas Edge2에서 YOLOv8n/s/m 모델을 구동하고, 추론율을 25%에서 100%까지 단계적으로 조절하며 처리 속도(FPS), 추적 정확도(MOTA), 전력 소비를 측정하였다. 실험 결과, Hailo-8L 조합이 YOLOv8n 기준 50.63 FPS로 최고 처리량과 FPS/Watt를 기록한 반면, Khadas Edge2는 MOTA 0.534로 가장 높은 추적 정확도를 달성하였다. 추론율을 낮출 경우 MOTA 손실은 5% 이내에 그쳐 프레임 드롭 방식이 실용적인 에너지 절감 수단이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이를 바탕으로 온디바이스 환경에서 실시간성을 유지하면서 에너지 소비를 최소화할 수 있는 최적의 하드웨어 및 모델 선정 기준과 추론율 설정 방안을 제시하였다.
KSP Keywords
Raspberry PI
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