2000년대 이후 전 세계적으로 곡물 재고율 하락이 장기화되고, 인구증가 및 생활 여건의 개선에 따라 식량부족 상태의 심화가 예측됨에 따라 세계 각국은 곡물의 생산성 제고 및 품질향상 방안을 확보하고자 노력하고 있다. 농업 IT 융합기술은 기존의 농업기술에 IT 고유기술을 농업에 융합시켜 농업의 생산•유통•소비 전 과정에 걸쳐 생산성과 효율성 및 품질향상 등과 같은 고부가가치 창출을 추구하고자 하는 기술이다. 크게 보면 축산업 분야도 포함되는 것이지만 여기에서는 재배 작물의 생산에 국한하고, IT 기술 중에서 USN 기술을 적용한 USN 기반의 IT 기술을 농업에 융합하는 분야로 한정한 기술의 연구 동향을 고찰하고자 한다. 노지 작물과 시설원예 작물 및 외부 환경에 영향을 받지 않는 새로운 개념인 식물공장에 IT 기술을 적용하기 위하여 필요한 사항을 고찰하고, 국내외 기술개발 및 표준화 동향과 향후 추진되어야 할 기술적 이슈들을 제시하였다.
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