무인자동차(자율주행자동차)는 운전자의 조작 없이 자동차 스스로 주행환경을 인식하여 목표지점까지 운행할 수 있는 자동차이다. 로봇 및 컴퓨터공학, GPS, 정밀 센서, 전자제어 등 첨단 기술의 발전에 힘입어 활발히 개발중이다. 무인자동차는 일반용뿐만 아니라 장애인을 위한 보조수단, 군사용, 화물운송을 비롯하여 상업용을 비롯하여 광범위한 분야에서 사용될 전망이다. 그러나 무인자동차에 탑재되는 각종 부품들의 가격과 도로 및 관련 인프라 구축에는 장기간의 시일이 소요될 것이다. 또 아직까지는 복잡한 도심 주행과 톨게이트 결제 문제 등을 해결해야 하고, 무인자동차들끼리 의사소통 방법이 관건이기 때문에 상용화까지는 상당한 시간이 필요하다.
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