일본의 국립 정보통신연구기구(NICT)는 일본 유일의 공적 ICT 전문 연구기관으로, 통신기술 분야에서 시작하여 인공지능 등 정보기술 분야로 조직과 예산이 확대되면서 우리나라 ICT 출연(연)과 유사한 연구 분야를 담당하고 있다. 본 보고서에서는 NICT의 법적 근거와 발전과정, 조직과 예산, 연구 분야 및 성과 등을 다루고, 2020년 4월의 조직개편과 2021년 4월에 발표된 제5기 중장기 계획을 중심으로 최근 움직임을 분석해 향후 NICT가 지향하는 바를 살펴보고 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. NICT는 설립 근거 법률과 그에 따른 자체 자본금 보유, 높은 운영비 교부금 비중 등으로 인해 법률적·재무적 안정성이 높으며, 5년 단위의 중장기 계획을 통해 정기적으로 시대변화에 대응해왔다. 인공지능, 사이버보안, 양자정보통신, 빅데이터 등 유망분야를 연구분야로 추가하고 오픈이노베이션추진본부를 통해 연구개발 성과 극대화를 도모하고 있다.
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