인구의 도시 집중화는 전 세계적인 추세로 이로 인해 교통혼잡과 교통사고, 환경오염을 불러오고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 교통체계와 ICT 기술이 융합된 지능화된 교통체계시스템이 대두되고 있다. 지능형 교통체계인 ITS는 도로교통시스템의 구성요소에 첨단기술을 적용하여 교통운영·관리의 효율성을 극대화하고, 이용자 편의와 안전성을 제고하며, 연료소모 및 CO2 배출량을 저감시키는 미래형 교통체계이다. 현재 ITS는 ICT 기술의 발전으로 양방향 통신을 접목하여 차세대 지능형 교통체계인 C-ITS로 진화하고 있으며, V2X는 자동화된 교통 인프라를 가능하게 하는 C-ITS의 핵심 기술이다. V2X 기술은 센서와 라이다, 카메라 시스템에 의존하는 독립형 자율주행차량의 제약 조건을 넘어서서 차량과 차량, 차량과 인프라 간의 통신을 통해 시야 확보가 어려운 교차로나 기상 악화 상황에서도 더 멀리 볼 수 있도록 함으로써 교통 안전성과 효율성을 향상하고, 교통 혼잡 완화와 환경오염 개선에 기여할 것으로 예상된다. 본 보고서에서는 도로교통체계를 어떻게 지능화할 수 있는지, 그리고 그와 관련된 ICT 기술을 살펴보고자 한다.
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