AI는 빅데이터, 알고리즘, 컴퓨팅파워의 발전에 힘입어 의료, 법률, 금융, 제조, 농업 등 모든 산업 분야에서 혁신을 주도하고 있다. 정치 분야에서는 국내외를 막론하고 정부 및 대의제에 대한 불신이 심화되어 국회의원 등과 같은 정치인 대신에 AI를 국가 정책 결정에 도입해 소모적인 정쟁과 비효율성을 없애자는 움직임이 일어나고 있다. 정치 분야의 AI 적용 사례로는 로봇 대통령인 ROBAMA와 AI 정치인 SAM이 있다. ROBAMA는 SNS나 인터넷에 접속해 방대한 정보를 분석한 뒤 여론을 반영한 정책을 제공할 수 있고, SAM은 뉴질랜드의 여성 AI SW 정치인으로 페이스북 유저들과 대화를 나누고 다양한 정치적 이슈에 대답한다. AI가 가져올 긍정적 효과로는 공정한 의사결정, 낙후된 정치시스템 혁신, 효율성 도모, 가짜뉴스 전파 방지가 있고, 부정적 효과로는 대량살상무기로의 전환 가능성, 독재정권의 시민에 대한 통제 등이 있다. 정치 분야에서 AI가 적용하기 위해서는 권력의 사유화 방지, 올바른 정책평가가 필요하며, AI를 통해 민주주의를 완전히 대체하는 것은 매우 어렵다.
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