ETRI-Knowledge Sharing Plaform

Petri Net(PN) P-N Junction Cigs Film Band Alignment Photovoltaic Performance Soda Lime Glass(SLG) Zns Buffer Layer Topological Insulators Solar Cell Performance Tandem Solar Cell Chemical States Fill Factor(F.F.) Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics Photocarrier Dynamics Monolithic Tandem Glass Substrate Cigs Layer Series Resistance Optical Filters Highly Efficient Azo Film Physical Properties Cds Buffer Layer Open Circuit Voltage(OCV) Light Soaking Growth Temperature Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems(BIPV) I-Zno Spectral Response Two-Dimensional Materials Smart Devices Annealing Temperature Bottom Cell Carrier Behavior Interface Characteristics X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy(XPS) Na Incorporation Quantum Efficiency(QE) Stainless Steel Substrate Barrier Height(BH) Window Layer Short Circuit Current Density Zinc Oxysulfide Flexible Substrate Grain Size Transparent Conductor Photovoltaic Module(PV) Diffusion Barrier(DB) Fabrication Process Cross-Sectional Low Damage Na Effect Chemical Reaction(Biomimetic) High Tc Superconductor(HTS) Photoreflectance Spectroscopy Film Quality Thickness-Dependent Interfacial Properties Depth Profile Optical Losses Zns Films Antireflection Coating Optical Transmittance Photovoltaic Devices High Performance Various Colors Co-Evaporation Deposition Time Field Effect Transistor(FET) Flexible Thin-Film Solar Cells Peak Intensity Photovoltaic Applications Electron Transport Solar Cell Efficiency Color Tuning High-Quality Post-Deposition Treatment Cracked-Se Power Density Optoelectronic Devices Plasma Damage Zinc Sulfate Thin Layers Device Performance Polyimide Substrate Cd-Free Buffer Layer Conversion Layer Flexible Cigs Solar Cell Process Pressure Ito Film Surface Potential Electroplated Ni Interstitial Cu Impedance Spectroscopy Cost-Effective Conduction Band Offset Oxygen Content Optical Pump-Terahertz Probe Spectroscopy Film Thickness Non-Toxic Materials Quantum Dots(QD) Structural Evolution Optical And Electrical Properties Process Temperature Carrier Concentration Silver Nanowires(AgNWs) Analysis Tool Conduction Mechanism Tandem Cell Na Diffusion Process Time Electrical And Optical Properties Well-Defined Optical Color Filters Quantum Devices Flexible Solar Cells Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Phase Distribution Sputter Target Grain Boundaries Solution Process Transition Energy Next-Generation Large-Area Growth Residual Stress Thermally Evaporated Thiourea Concentration Wide Range Interfacial Layer Semiconductor Device Tandem Structure Weak Antilocalization Novel Method Down-Conversion High Temperature Superconductor Relaxation Time Bismuth Selenide Excellent Performance Electron-Hole Recombination Low Temperature Transparent Conducting Oxide (Tco) Layer Thin Film Pv Module Amorphous Inzno(a-IZO) Connected In Series Built-In Potential Phase Transition Best Performance Light-Induced Effect Of Annealing Thin Film Photovoltaic Alkaline Earth Metal High Efficiency Cds Film Shunt Resistance Saturation Current Density Surface Texturing Recombination Layer Process Equipment Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy High Substrate Temperature 40 Nm Intensity Ratio Thermal Stability Buffer Material Cell Operation Efficiency Measurements Low Substrate Temperature Thz Emission Structural Properties Composition Ratio Eco-Friendly Materials Optical Interference Terahertz Region Urban Areas Electrical Characteristics Junction Formation Morphological Evolution Color-Tunable Nanograting Structures Thickness Effect Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy(SIMS) Ion Irradiation Near Surface Chemical Composition Vacancy Defects Preferential Growth Interfacial Reaction Spin-Momentum Locking Capacitance-Voltage Preferential Orientation Sio X Cu-Se P-N Heterojunction Atomic Concentration High Mobility Aspect Ratio Polyimide Film Light-Weight Creative Technology Optical Path Length Interface Characterization 1 H Metastable Defects Reactively Sputtered Layer Thickness Innovative Approach Phase Formation Inverse Photoemission Spectroscopy(IPES) Short Wavelength Treatment Time Thickness Variation Cell Parameters Deposition Technology Elemental Profile Magnetotransport Measurements Interfacial Characteristics Scanning Electron Microscopy(S.E.M.) Surface Electronic Band Structure Thin Film Devices Band Gap Transition C-V Measurements High Carrier Mobility Wide Band Gap Orientation Growth Phase Coherence Length Polishing Process Josephson Junction Ar Gas Different Methods Electrical Characterization Film Deposition Metal Fiber Photo Response In-Depth Analysis Thickness And Surface Morphology Electron Injection Barrier High Speed Growth Model Supersonic Spraying Spray Coating Surface Reflectance Bi Film Charge Distribution Diffraction Analysis Electrical Losses Heterojunction Structure 20 Nm 3 V Multi-Stage Precursor Film Terahertz Radiation Aqueous Solution Conduction Band Minimum Current-Limiting Crystalline Structure Durability Assessment Wavelength Range Photo-Assisted Room Temperature Intrinsic Zno Junction Properties Laser Illumination Transmission Gate(TG) Time-Resolved Thz Spectroscopy Characteristic Parameters Optical Analysis Quantitative Analysis Large Area Deposition Light Diffusion Atomic Layer Deposition Method Chemical Interactions Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide Crystal Phases Cu Clusters Efficiency Loss Memory Applications Interfacial Dynamics Surface Residue Chemical Bath Deposition Method Valence Band Maximum Al Thin Films Deep-Level Defect Form 2d Growth Behavior 42 V Incident Angle Local Surface Work Function Tuning Thermally Activated Back Electrode Color Appearance Highly Conductive Oblique Incident Light Oxygen Partial Pressure Kesterite Solar Cells Scientific Community Fast Deposition Optical Performance Topological Surface States Surface Roughness Current Density-Voltage Negative Oxygen Ions Non-Uniform Rf Sputtering Key Process Lattice Misfit Thermally Stable Al Contents Alloy Films Crystal Orientation Different Techniques Flexible Device Growth Mechanism Physical And Chemical Properties Rate Process Interfacial Defect States Lithography Process Learning Technology Sputtering Technique Thermal Evaporation Technique Time Scale Chemical Changes Enhanced Electrical Conductivity Sulfide Films Cigs Absorber Layer In-Rich Metal-Semiconductor Nanometer-Scale Optical Response Oxygen Gas Optical Conductivity Surface Defects Solar Panels Band Inversion Indium Tin Oxide (Ito) Transparent Electrode Large-Area Synthesis Low-Cost Self-Cleaning Effect Surge Current Absorption Layer Auger Depth Profiling Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide Molar Concentration Molybdenum Disulfide(MoS) O 1s Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes Cdso 4 Cds/Cigs Interface Diffusion Layer Photovoltaic (Pv) Cells Reciprocal Space Mapping Reaction Model Surface Reflection Thermal Deposition Chalcogenide Films Dielectric Layer Depletion Width Environment-Friendly Ion Beam Infrared Window Spectroscopic Analysis Thz Radiation Ultrafast Dynamics Alkali Ions Enhanced Photoresponsivity Function Mapping Flexible Film Potential Barrier Metal Films Augmented Reality(AR) Cu Diffusion Carrier Collection Diffraction Order Front Electrodes Ordered Defect Compound(ODC) Optical Transmission Loss Optical Band Gap Ito Thin Film Surface And Bulk Small Molecules Spectroscopic Techniques Thermal Cracking Technology Trends Broken Inversion Symmetry Cigs Thin Film Solar Cells Color Quality Diffraction Efficiency Empirical Approach Formation Energy Zn Film Mixture Gas Micro-Raman Scattering Spectroscopy Notch Filter Light Absorption Long-Wave Infrared Sputtering Deposition Visible Spectrophotometry Hot Plate High Growth Rate Terahertz Emission Vibrational Modes Area Coverage Amorphous Phase Coherent Phonon Secondary Phases Photocurrent Density Post-Heat Treatment Low Sheet Resistance Deep Acceptor Uv-Visible Film Growth Rate Long Carrier Lifetime Synthesis And Properties Thermal Evaporation Method Surface And Interface Thz-Tds Current-Voltage Measurements Dual Deposition Mode Plasma Effects Thermal Conductivity Thermal Degradation Mechanism Angle Sensitivity Chemical Deposition Co-Evaporated Dissociation Rate Electron-Phonon Coupling Fe Content Formation Mechanism Zno Nanoparticle Threshold Voltage(Vth) White Light Molybdenum Dichalcogenide Physical And Optical Properties Solution Deposition Method Solar Cell Structure Thermal Treatments Current Continuity Centimeter-Scale Cu-Poor Fabrication And Characterization Protection Layer Quantum Transport Properties Reverse Bias Air Environment Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Cds Formation Diffraction Grating Electric Field Cr Films Negatively Charged Structural And Optical Properties Cell Technologies Drive-Level Capacitance Profiling Enhanced Conductivity Post-Treatment Improved Cell Efficiency Laboratory-Scale Layered Crystal Structure Thermal Conduction Voltage Characteristics Van Der Waals Chalcogenide Thin Film Different Conditions Deposition Process Wavelength Region Processing Conditions Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Improved Growth Bandgap Bowing Curing Mechanism Flower Like High Vacuum Low Na Mechanism Model Na-Doped Mo Optical Devices Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber Alloying Effects Diode Current X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (Xps) Optoelectrical Properties Industrial Applications Isotope Dilution Solar Technology Thin-Film Cds Chemical Mechanical Polishing(CMP) Density Functional Theory Calculations Electronic Behavior High Selectivity High Transmittance Vivid Colors Radio Frequency (Rf) Magnetron Sputtering Interface Chemistry Surface Band Bending Counting Method Gase Thin Films Optimized Conditions Practical Application Spectrophotometric Analysis Surface Imaging Binding Energy Current-Voltage Curves Diffusion Mechanism Effective Area Environmental Factors Figure Of Merit(FoM) N-Type Probe Method Temperature Stability Annealing Time Cu-Deficient Equivalent Circuit Model Electrically Conductive Argon Gas Vacuum Condition Need For Photoluminescence And Hall Measurements Interface Quality Impact Speed Light Diffraction Structure And Electronic Properties Stacked Layers High Resolution Metal Substrate KF PDT Light Emission Two-Terminal Ultrathin Films Structural And Transport Properties Cadmium Sulfide Device Degradation Ga Concentration Mini-Modules Non-Vacuum Photoexcited Electrons Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering Sputtering System Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Pl Spectra Wavelength Dependence Non-Equilibrium Oriented Textures One-Step Rough Surface Aesthetic Pleasure Dark Conditions Extinction Coefficient High-Rate Deposition High Field Wavelength-Dependent Zn Content Metallic Targets Interface Dynamics Solar Cell Devices Spin-Orbit Coupling(SOC) S Content High Resistance Straight Line Superconducting Proximity Effect Transparent Conductive Oxide Deposition Of Silver Dirac Cone Doping Effects 65 Nm Zinc Tin Oxide(ZTO) Zno Thin Films Photovoltaic Behavior Large-Scale Transparent Conducting Films Thin-Film Transistor(TFT) Time-Varying Step-By-Step Carrier Trapping Direct Bandgap Double Diode Direct Sputtering Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Ga Content High-Density High Power Conversion Efficiency Multi-Element Alloy Relative Sensitivity Factors Zno Films Effect Of Cr X-Ray Diffraction Techniques Multilayer Structure Roll-To-Roll Absorbing Layer Oxide Layer J-V Characteristics First Stokes(S1) High Absorption Shallow Donor Aluminum-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films Band Levels C-Axis Orientation Computer Vision(CV) Different Thicknesses Fermi Level Gaas Wafer High Critical Temperature High Energy Module Configuration Nanostructured Cds Performance Enhancement Photo-Conversion Efficiency Plasma Treatment Technique Reactive Sputtering Process Long Wavelength Response Transport Channel Analytical Techniques Analysis Method Ammonia Concentration Al-Doped Zno(ZnO:Al) Bulk Defect Dc Magnetron Sputtering Energy Band Gap Energy Band Structure Fe Impurities Water-Soluble Zns Thin Films Optimal Thickness Nanoimprinting Lithography Recombination Centers Interface Recombination Sub-Micron Surface Analysis Surface Transport Dilution Method Defect Layer High Deposition Rate Mo Films Processing Time Refractive Index Initial State Interface Analysis Scanning Probe Degradation Rate Electrical Transport Measurements Electrical Behavior Ga Grading Compound Layer Oxygen Vacancy Research Trends Rear Surface Ideal Diode Smooth Morphology Sn Content Structural Characterization(Microstructure) Surface Morphology Evolution Absorption Properties Critical Thickness Bi Deposition Direct-Current Magnetron Sputtering Metal Chalcogenide Process Technology Island-Like Improved Performance Three-Stage Process Tin Oxide Thin Films Superior Performance Current Collection Copper Vacancy Diffraction Pattern Photovoltaic Cell(PV) Multijunction Solar Cells Monolithic Integration Interfacial Barrier Se Vacancy Evaporation System Metal Dichalcogenides Off-Axis Response Characteristics Irradiation Power Ion-Implanted Thin Film Growth Energy Self-Sufficiency Post-Annealing Process Impact Velocity Two-Step Process Two-Diode Model Certified Reference Material Cyclic Bending Tests Core-Shell Structure Electric Properties(Section A) High-Temperature Annealing Micro-Scale Impurity Doping Small Sulfur Spin Texture Electrode Layer Local Energy Light-Emitting Diodes (Leds) Sodium Ion Theoretical Model Barrier Thickness Drop-Coating Donor-Acceptor Pair(DAP) Flow Rate Gas Treatment Grating Period Hole Concentration Hydrogen Incorporation Metallic Crystal Power Generation Performance Surrounding Environment Structural And Electronic Properties Sharp Interface Chemical Characteristics Valence Band Offset Ar Ions Bandgap Grading Beam Splitting Confocal Raman Mapping Defect Level Defect Distribution Electronic Effect Element Diffusion Sputtering Power Elemental Composition Band Edge Bulk Properties Compositional Variation Chemical Solution Deposition Dc Sputter Growth And Characterization H 2 Metal Precursor Model-Based Phase Change Material(PCM) Band Energy Levels Grid-Free Gas Flow Ratio High Electron Hydrogen Ion X-Ray Diffraction (Xrd) Valence Band Energy Metastable State Manufacturing Processes Mechanical Durability Active Layer Coating Thickness Experimental Data Energy Dispersive X-Ray(EDX) Hole Transport X-Ray Diffractometer(XRD) Matrix Effect On/Off Current Ratio Photovoltaic Technology Performance Properties Process Parameters Quantum Computing(QC) Two-Step Growth Structure Model Thz Time-Domain Spectroscopy(THz-TDS) Carrier Transport Dry Process Ar Pressure 2 H Sputtering Method Morphological Properties O Atoms Optical Pulses Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy Fabrication Method Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition(PECVD) Ion Implantation Layered Structure Low Electrical Resistivity