가시광 통신은 380~780nm의 파장을 갖는 가시광을 이용하여 통신하는 차세대 통신 기술로서, 신호를 송신하기 위하여 보통 가시광선 LED를 사용하고, 신호를 수신하기 위하여 PD를 사용한다. 21세기 新광원으로 각광받고 있는 LED는 기존의 백열등이나 형광등에 비하여 광변환 효율이 높기 때문에 에너지 소비량이 매우 적고, 소형화, 박형화, 경량화가 가능하며, 수명이 반영구적이고, 응답 속도가 빠르며, 충격에 강하고 안전하며, 무수은이어서 환경 친화적이고, 다색 및 다단계 밝기 제어가 가능한 장점이 있으나, 열에 취약하고 고가인 단점이 있다. 본 고는 저탄소ㆍ녹색성장의 핵심 기술인 가시광 통신의 표준화 동향에 대하여 소개하고, 가시광 통신 기술의 특징 및 국내외 연구 동향에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.
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