본 연구는 인공지능의 부상에 따른 미·중 간 기술 패권 경쟁과 디지털 전장화 심화라는 전략 환경 변화에 대응하여 미국 국방부가 2022년 신설한 최고 디지털 및 인공지능 사무소(CDAO)의 설립 배경과 역할 변화를 전략적 적응 이론의 관점에서 분석한 것이다. 전략적 적응 이론의 ‘환경 인식 – 전략적 선택 – 구조적 조정’이라는 분석 틀을 적용하여, CDAO의 조직 진화를 ‘2022년 역할 정립과 통합’, ‘2023년 영향력 확대와 내실화’, ‘2024년 제도적 정착과 생태계 확장’의 세 단계로 구분하고 그 과정을 체계적으로 고찰했다. 이를 토대로 한국 국방 분야에 주는 시사점으로는 AI 전략을 총괄하는 통합 컨트롤 타워 구축, 데이터 기반 인프라 조성과 민군 협력 생태계의 제도화, AI 무기화에 따른 윤리적 통제와 국제 협력 역량 강화, 국방 AI 운용 전반에서의 안전성 확보, 동맹국과의 상호운용성 확보를 위한 연합 데이터·모델 인증 체계 구축의 필요성을 제안한다.
Keyword
인공지능(AI), 최고 디지털 및 인공지능 사무소(CDAO), 전략적 적응 이론
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