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Cigs Solar Cell Petri Net(PN) Topological Insulators Band Alignment Optical Pump Defect States Chemical States Quantum Dot(QD) Reactive Sputtering Zno Films P-N Junction Optical Filters Cigs Thin Films High-Tc Superconductors Photovoltaic Module(PV) Post-Deposition Treatment Various Colors Color Tuning Spectral Response Photovoltaic Performance Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics Nanograting Structures Transparent Conducting Oxide (Tco) Layer Treatment Time Carrier Behavior Excellent Performance Interfacial Reaction Light Soaking Series Resistance Alkaline Earth Metal Cd-Free Buffer Layer Photocarrier Dynamics X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy Optical Loss Grain Size Zinc Sulfate Zno Buffer Layer Phase Distribution Optical Path Length Transparent Conductor Thz Emission Conversion Layer Depth Profile Device Performance Growth Temperature Solar Cell Performance Reactively Sputtered Band Offset Cigs Layer Down-Conversion Zinc Oxysulfide Non-Toxic Materials Thin Film Photovoltaic Ion Irradiation Terahertz Region Composition Ratio Flexible Thin-Film Solar Cells Film Quality N-Type Optical Interference Thin-Film Transistor(TFT) Reaction Model Cross-Sectional Cell Technologies Density Functional Theory Calculations Doping Effects Diffusion Layer Drop-Coating Energy Self-Sufficiency High Growth Rate In-Depth Analysis Indium Tin Oxide (Ito) Transparent Electrode Ion-Implanted Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes In-Plane Module Configuration 40 Nm Solar Technology Sputtering Deposition Sputtering Process Sputtering Technique Solution Process Solar Cell Fabrication Phase Change Material(PCM) Process Time Window Layer Wavelength Region Off-Axis Optical Color Filters Two-Step Process Temperature Range Annealing Temperature Ar Ions Bandgap Bowing Crystalline Structure Complexing Agent Creative Technology Electrical Characterization Electrical Resistivity Grid-Free High Performance High Temperature Superconductor High-Rate Deposition Highly Conductive Incident Angle Zinc Tin Oxide Light Absorption Low Temperature(LT) Enhanced Electrical Conductivity Self-Cleaning Effect Surface Band Bending Surface And Bulk Surge Current Spectrophotometric Analysis Field Effect Transistors(Substrate temperature) Superconducting Proximity Effect Straight Line Power Generation Performance Near Surface Oxygen Partial Pressure Topological Surface States Thickness Variation Time-Resolved Thz Spectroscopy High Critical Temperature Sputter Target Amorphous Phase Aspect Ratio Built-In Potential Bulk Defect Buffer Material Cds Buffer Layer Cigs Film Diffraction Grating Environment-Friendly Eco-Friendly Materials Efficiency Measurements Gas Flow Ratio Highly Efficient Ito Thin Film Zn Content Metal-Semiconductor Semiconductor Device Solar Cell Devices Zno Thin Films Hydrogen Ion Polyimide Substrate Wavelength-Dependent Well-Defined 65 Nm Notch Filters Oblique Incident Light Oxygen Vacancies Optical And Electrical Properties Tin Oxide Thin Films Time-Varying Josephson Junction Structure And Electronic Properties Sputtering Method Amorphous Structure Antireflection Coating Atomic Layer Deposition Method Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems(BIPV) Band Energy Levels Carrier Concentration Chemical Solution Deposition Cigs Absorber Layer Conduction Mechanism Current-Voltage Measurements Chemical Mechanical Polishing(CMP) Depth Profiling(DP) Deposition Time Dirac Cone Enhanced Photoresponsivity Electron Transport Front Electrodes Glass Substrate High-Density Layer Properties Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy Light Diffusion Low Damage Layered Crystal Structure Memory Applications Model-Based Micro-Scale Short Circuit Current Density Spin-Momentum Locking Sn Content Zno Nanoparticle Preferred Crystal Orientation Post-Heat Treatment Photovoltaic Devices Photo Response Urban Area Vivid Colors Augmented Reality(AR) Terahertz Emission Solar Cell Efficiency Azo Film Analysis Tool Areal Density Aesthetic Pleasure Bi Deposition Device Properties Device Characteristics Empirical Approach Electroplated Ni Electrode Layer Environmental Factor(E-factor) Fabrication Method Growth Mechanism I-Zno Interface Characteristics Ion Beam Ion Implantation Interfacial Layer Interstitial Cu Mixture Gas Thickness-Dependent Recombination Layer Spin-Orbit Coupling(SOC) Shunt Resistance Soda Lime Glass(SLG) S Content Post-Annealing Physical Properties Phase Transition Uv-Visible Work Function Tuning Water-Soluble Open Circuit Voltage(VOC) Optical Band Gap Optical Energy Band Gap Optical Transmission Loss Optical Pulse Optical Transmittance Thermally Evaporated Time Scale Thz Radiation Active Layer Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Binding Energy Conduction Band Chemical Bath Deposition Method Deposition Rate Evaporation System Fill Factor Efficiency Loss Hole Transport Zns Films Light-Emitting Diodes (Leds) Light Diffraction Light Emission Multi-Layer Surface Electronic Band Structure Stacked Layers Surrounding Environment Zinc Sulfide (Zns) Thin Films Physical Characteristics Plasma Treatment Technique Post-Treatment Phase Formation Plasma Damage Vacancy Defects Zns Buffer Layer Wide Range Non-Uniform Optical Conductivity Optoelectronic Devices Thin Film Growth Terahertz Radiation Thz Time-Domain Spectroscopy(THz-TDS) Thz-Tds Research Trends Amorphous Inzno(a-IZO) Atomic Concentration Angle Sensitivity Band Gap Transition Broken Inversion Symmetry Curing Mechanism Chemical Properties Electron-Hole Recombination Grain Growth Key Role KF PDT Large-Area Growth Micro-Raman Scattering Spectroscopy 1 H Metastable Defects Core-Shell Structure Solution Deposition Method Short Wavelength Polishing Process Potential Barrier Performance Enhancement Valence Band Energy Optical Devices Thermal Evaporation Technique Tandem Solar Cell Technology Trends Rough Surfaces Response Characteristics Barrier Height Band Inversion Chemical Composition Chemical Reaction(Biomimetic) Coating Thickness Diffraction Order Diffraction Efficiency Formation Energy Enhanced Conductivity Electrically Conductive Function Mapping Fast Deposition Grating Period Heterojunction Device Light Transmission Layer Thickness Metal Fiber Smooth Morphology Manufacturing Processes Performance Properties Packing Density Quantum Efficiency Ultrafast Dynamics Weak Antilocalization(WAL)